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A door that slams shut can be startling and annoying, while a door left ajar can compromise security and energy efficiency. The solution to both problems is a door closer. This handy device ensures your door shuts smoothly and securely every time, without any loud bangs or accidental openings.
Learning how to mount a door closer might seem like a complex task reserved for professionals, but with the right instructions and tools, it's a project most people can handle. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know, from selecting the right closer to installing it perfectly. By following these steps, you can enhance the safety and functionality of your home or business.
Before you begin the installation, it's important to understand the different types of door closers and how they fit with your door. This initial step will save you time and prevent installation headaches.
A typical surface-mounted door closer consists of several key components:
· Closer Body: This is the main housing that contains the spring and hydraulic fluid. It controls the closing speed.
· Main Arm: This arm connects the closer body to the forearm.
· Forearm: This connects the main arm to the shoe, which is attached to the door frame.
· Adjustment Screws: These screws allow you to fine-tune the closing speed, latching speed, and backcheck.
· Mounting Hardware: This includes all the screws needed to attach the closer body and arms to the door and frame.
Doors are "handed," meaning they are designated as either left-hand or right-hand swing. To determine your door's handing, stand on the "push" side of the door.
· If the hinges are on your left, it’s a left-hand door.
· If the hinges are on your right, it’s a right-hand door.
Most modern door closers are non-handed, meaning they can be installed on both left- and right-hand doors. However, it's always a good idea to check the manufacturer's specifications.
There are three primary ways to mount a door closer. The method you choose will depend on your door's construction, the direction it swings, and your aesthetic preference. Each door closer comes with a paper template for all three mounting types.
This is the most common and power-efficient installation method.
· Closer Body: Mounted on the "push" side of the door.
· Arm: Attached to the door frame.
· Best for: Interior doors in commercial or residential settings where there's enough top rail space on the door.
This method is used when the door's top rail is too narrow for the closer body.
· Closer Body: Mounted on the "push" side of the door frame.
· Arm: Attached to the door itself.
· Best for: Doors with glass panels or narrow top frames.
This is the most aesthetically pleasing option for doors on the "pull" side, as it keeps the arm parallel to the door when closed.
· Closer Body: Mounted on the "push" side of the door.
· Arm: Attached to the frame soffit (the underside of the frame) using a parallel arm bracket.
· Best for: High-traffic public areas, schools, and commercial buildings where tampering is a concern and appearance matters.
Once you've chosen your mounting method, it's time to gather your tools and get started.
Tools You'll Need:
· Drill and drill bits
· Screwdriver (Phillips and flathead)
· Tape measure
· Pencil or marker
· Level
· Safety glasses
· Adjustable wrench
Start with a clean and clear workspace. Make sure the door is properly hung and that the hinges are in good condition. A poorly hung door will prevent the closer from working correctly.
Your door closer will come with a paper template. This is your most important tool for a successful installation.
· Select the template that matches your chosen mounting method (Standard, Top Jamb, or Parallel).
· Tape the template to the door and frame according to the instructions. The template will have specific alignment marks for the hinge side of the door. Use your tape measure to ensure it is positioned accurately.
With the template securely in place, use a pencil or a center punch to mark the screw locations for the closer body and the arm shoe.
· Remove the template.
· Carefully drill pilot holes at each marked location. Use a drill bit that is slightly smaller than the diameter of the mounting screws. This will prevent the wood or metal from splitting. Wear safety glasses during this step.
Attach the door closer body to the door (or frame, for a top jamb mount) using the provided screws. Make sure the adjustment screws are facing away from the hinges, as indicated in the installation manual. Use a level to ensure the body is perfectly horizontal.
Now, install the arm assembly.
· For Standard and Top Jamb Mounts: Attach the forearm/shoe to the door frame (or door) using the screws.
· For Parallel Arm Mounts: Secure the parallel arm bracket to the underside of the door frame first. Then, attach the arm to this bracket.
Next, connect the main arm to the closer body. It usually slides onto a square spindle at the top of the closer. Secure it with the provided cap screw and washer.
Connect the main arm and the forearm. The length of the forearm is usually adjustable. Adjust it so that when you connect it to the main arm, the main arm is perpendicular (90 degrees) to the door. This preloads the spring inside the closer body, providing the necessary tension to close the door. You may need an adjustable wrench to tighten the connecting nut securely.
Your door closer is installed, but the job isn't finished. Now you need to fine-tune the settings. Most closers have at least two adjustment screws:
· Sweep Speed (or Closing Speed): This controls the speed of the door from fully open to about 10 degrees from the latch.
· Latch Speed: This controls the final few inches of closing.
Turn the adjustment screws in small increments (a quarter-turn at a time).
· Clockwise: Slows the speed.
· Counter-clockwise: Increases the speed.
Open and close the door several times to test the settings until you are satisfied. Some closers also have a backcheck feature, which provides resistance to prevent the door from being thrown open too forcefully. Adjust this setting if necessary.
Installing a door closer is a manageable project that adds significant value to your property. It improves safety, provides convenience, and can even help reduce energy costs. By carefully following the template and taking the time to adjust the settings properly, you can ensure your door closes smoothly and securely for years to come.
If you run into any issues or feel the installation is beyond your DIY comfort level, don't hesitate to call a professional locksmith or carpenter for assistance.
